Witches (b'fhéidir á gcéasadh) le Séamus VI agus I (1566-1625) óna leabhar Daemonologie (1597) - Fearann Poiblí |
I conclude then, that though the differences between people's ideas of Decent Behaviour often make you suspect that there is no real natural Law of Behaviour at all, yet the things we are bound to think about these differences really prove just the opposite.But one word before I end. I have met people who exaggerate the differences, because they have not distinguished between differences of morality and differences of belief about facts. For example, one man said to me, 'Three hundred years ago people in England were putting witches to death. Was that what you call the 'Rule of Human Nature or Right Conduct?’ But surely the reason we do not execute witches is that we do not believe there are such things. If we did—if we really thought that there were people going about who had sold themselves to the devil and received supernatural powers from him in return and were using these powers to kill their neighbours or drive them mad or bring bad weather—surely we would all agree that if anyone deserved the death penalty, then these filthy quislings did? There is no difference of moral principle here: the difference is simply about matter of fact. It may be a great advance in knowledge not to believe in witches: there is no moral advance in not executing them when you do not think they are there. You would not call a man humane for ceasing to set mousetraps if he did so because he believed there were no mice in the house.
Ach tá amhras orm cé mhéid a chreid daoine go raibh witches ann dáiríre. Bhí polaitíocht agus maoin i gceist go minic, agus miangas agus fearg collaíochta. Is fíor gur sagart agus cúistiúnaí Chaitliceach a scríobh an Malleus Maleficarum - ach scríobh sé é tar éis d'easpag é dhíbirt as baile ina raibh géarleanúint á dhéanamh aige ar bhean ar leith - a fuarthas neamhchiontach. Rinneadh brionnú, is cosúil, ar cháipéisí a léirigh, más fíor, tacaíocht diagairí eile dá shaothar - nuair is cáineadh a rinne siad dáiríre! Ach scaip a leabhar agus a mhodhanna - go háirithe i tíortha an Phrotastúnachais, agus bhí dearg scaoll ar feadh i bhfad in Alban i measc Preispitéirigh.
Ag glacadh le Sola Scriptura (i. an scríbhinn diaga amháin) tá tagairtí láidre i gcoinne a leithéid ann.
'Ní fhuíleonga tú bean phiseógach do mharthuinn. ' (Bedell Exodus 22:18)
Ná fág a beo ag bandraoi. (Má Nuad Eaxodus 22:17)
'Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live. ' Rí Séamus Exodus 22:18
'Die Zauberinnen sollst du nicht leben lassen. ' Luther leagan 1912 2. Mose 22:18
'Maleficos non patieris vivere.' Vulgata
Ní scoláire Eabhraise mé, ná baol air, ach is cosúil go bhfuil na scoláirí deighilte faoi céard go díreach a bhí i gceist. (Féach alt anseo i Haaretz). Tá sé spéisiúil go ndearnadh baineann an té a bheadh thíos leis i ngach ceann de na haistriúchán sin.
An rud suntasach faoin tréimhse seo, mar a chíortar i sár sraith Paula Kehoe é, gurb ar éigin a tharla an fiach marfach in Éirinn; agus nuair a tharla is i measc na nGall is mó a tharla. Cíortar sé chás sa sraith.
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